2-cyano-4-nitroaniline is an important active component in the synthesis of disperse dyes. Usually, o-chlorobenzonitrile is synthesized from o-Chlorotoluene by ammoxidation, then 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzonitrile is obtained by nitration, and then 2-cyano-4-nitroaniline is obtained by ammoniation of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzonitrile.In the past, the ammoniation reaction used organic solvents as the medium, which not only had low yield and high cost, but also polluted the environment and was harmful to human health.
As reported in German patent dd274416, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzonitrile was ammoniated at 100 ℃ with 25% ammonia as medium and C12-C18 sodium alkyl sulfonate at 3-4 bar. The yield and content of 2-cyano-4-nitrobenzonitrile with 91.5% content were obtained with 92% yield. Although the pressure was low, the yield and content of 2-cyano-4-nitrobenzonitrile were not satisfactory. The higher the initial concentration of ammonia is, the more impurities are produced in the reaction process. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a method of high yield, high content and safe production.
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